In a capacitor plate stack, say you have 10 plates stacked, you'll typically have the positive charge say at the top, and negative at the bottom.  That means that the top plate is positive charge on top and negative on bottom; the next plate is therefore positive on top, negative on bottom; the next plate is therefore positive on top, negative on bottom, ...  Etc.  That's how charge orients itself in a capacitor stack.


Also, electricity takes the shortest path. If you connect all your wires down one edge of a plate stack, electricity would take the shortest path thru the wire. If you connect a wire to one side of a plate, and another wire to the other, the electricity will travel from wire to wire thru the plate, but it will take the shortest path, and won't fill the plate with energy.

You have to make the charge cover the whole space. You do that by the width of your electromagnetic field, but only if the field is in motion or changing.  Because it is the change of motion thru the field which induces your charged area. Pulsing a DC energy, or alternating polarities in a current will induce a changing movement of energy able to induce a charged surface.  You can't induce a system with a non-moving current or field; it has to be vibrating; changing; dynamic.

That's why a static field makes things a lot easier. A static medium too. If you drill out a plate stack and run a bolt thru it, and put washers in for spacers, and tighten nuts on the ends, they all get a good contact. Connect pos and neg to the ends of the bolt. Drop it in salt water. You'll see bubbles all around the area of the plates in that case even tho electricity takes the shortest path because the salt water conducts that charge, and when they get charged near the center, the current will start moving toward the edges fighting to go around each other to take the shortest path. That is an example of using a static medium because taking the straightest path will build up a resistance to that straight path; and energy will seek the straightest path of the least resistance.

If you have a large enough electromagnet with a wide field and you pulse it on and off or alternate it positive negative (reversing or alternating the field), then capacitor plates around the electromagnet will become induced in the area affected by the field.

The Tesla generator for example (seen on the "Tesla Power" article on the Free Energy/Tesla page) uses an iron core which transfers the north pole of the electromagnet around the curve of the iron ring to the plate, which energizes the plate with that electromagnetic field. 

Now if you use the magneto-electrostatic energy of the spark, it will fill up the capacitor plates easily. Otherwise you're limited to a straight path of least resistance and having to use induced fields in order to charge a homemade capacitor.

Some capacitors are rolled, coating both sides of a long sheet of foil with vegetable oil to insulate, and clipping a positive lead to one end of foil, and rolling it up, and clipping the negative lead to the middle so electricity takes the shortest path.  So there will be a lead in the middle, and a lead on the edge of a rolled capacitor.

That is the similar concept with an electromagnetic coil.  An electromagnetic coil is a wire that is wound around and around, and back and forth, on top of each other, so that electricity will have to travel the direct path through the whole length of the wire, and thus is where the entire field of the electromagnet is formed -- through the straightest path.

You CAN layer individual sheets of foil in a box, insulated with vegetable oil. You'll have connections on the left and right sides. Start with the top sheet, right side. Then connect the left side to the sheet directly underneath, sheet 2. Then connect the right side of sheet 2 to sheet 3. Connect the left side of sheet 3 to sheet 4. Connect right side of sheet 4 to sheet 5. Connect left side of 5 to 6. Connect right side of 6 to 7, etc. The volts will raise tremendously.


However using the spark gap changes everything!  Because of the spark gap in the system, all the spaces will be filled and energized.  Whereas a single bare wire loop may be charged from a high volt power source; a wide plate, or bare metal surface area is charged from the spark in the system.  If the spark is obtained from an electromagnetic collapse, then the energy of that spark will want to expand throughout the entire surface areas of charged systems because it is an energy of a collapsed energy-space, and will attempt to find equilibrium by expanding through conductive areas.  A magneto-electrostatic capacitor plate stack will resonate very easily over entire surface areas.  It does not depend upon a high voltage to charge a plate to induce another plate di-electrically like a doorknob capacitor.  You can use a low amp source at high volts to do the same job so much easier.

Take a look at the circuit diagrams on the Tesla Engineering Physics page, in the section marked "A Brain Teaser."  Note the circuit diagrams.  Sometimes a capacitor is more easily charged either in-line, or in parallel.  In parallel, the shortest path is qualified as the capacitor begins to energize as the polarities draw toward each other, as unlike charges and unlike polarity will attract electromagnetically. Otherwise, some capacitors will act as resistors until there is sufficient charge to conduct a current inductively through the charge build-up.

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(+) ---------------------- (-)
               |
        spark gap                      Note:   the difference of polarity is attractive in a spark gap.
               |
(-) ---------------------- (+)


Using the magnetic collapse of a coil to induce a charge plate is the essence of negative energy generation (vacuum energy, in every sense of the word, like a vacuum cleaner charging a plate; negative pressure).

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A spark will collapse a buildup of energy over a di-electric surface (lightning will charge the ground surface area, too).  Also a spark will expand energy through a di-electric surface area.  Equivalent to that, a large collapsing electromagnetic field will draw the vaccum charge of a di-electric surface area.


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Hint:  The diagram above can be used for capacitance OR energizing a spark gap.

​(+) ----------------------------- (-)
( - ) ---------------------------- ( + )
(+) ----------------------------- (-)
(-) ------------------------------ (+)


But, for a capacitor, they are connected to each layer underneath like this:


(+) >  ---------------------------------
         ---------------------------------  <
     >  --------------------------------- 
         ---------------------------------  <    
( - )




... connected back and forth.  Start with positive and end with negative.

Electricity takes the shortest path ... of the least resistance.




Note:  a capacitor can use alternating plate stacks each connected to their individual terminals, similar to how the Central Accumulator looks on the Construction blog page. But there's a trick to that.  

Capacitors where the positive plates are not physically connected to the negative plates will work better for AC applications.  A foil capacitor in vegetable oil in this configuration will be better suited for AC current and will develop extreme high volts (due to the thin foil and oil insulative coating, and having more plates in less area):


     |------------------    |
     |     -----------------|
     |------------------    |
     |     -----------------|
   (+)                       (-)


Sometimes, the capacitor is very similar to a battery. 

Using a good electrolyte in a capacitor is important.  You want it to be resistant, but be able to conduct the electric field between plates to build up resonance.

Also, some of you like to use neon bulb AC transformers for powering Tesla coils. But that creates a hot positive energy.  Using colder energy from magnetic collapse in AC style (using negative energy) will preserve your capacitors built from thin material.



Negative energy is a lot different than positive.  Negative energy won't dissipate over long areas.  Transmission through power lines, negative energy is not a big fluffy field, but a thin energy, and the universe sees that it is moving, and it adds energy to it as it goes along (you could say it draws a quantum vacuum charge that keeps pumping up the volts and amps), so at the end of a transmission line using negative energy, there will be a lot more energy!  The old telegraph wires used a copper plate in the ground (earth battery) to power the system. The start of the signal was for example 6 volts, but at the end of the wire, it was very high voltage. The telegraph operator had to touch only the plastic/rubber key, and NOT the metal conductive parts.  Thank you master D.J. for this bit of info.
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Positive energy along the power lines dissipate over distance. . . . .  Negative energy is so small that it builds up and up, not dissipating but intensifying. 
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​Tesla had tried to introduce this understanding to the world, in preparation for our new discoveries of ancient advanced technology, like what's been kept very quiet about Antarctica.  The T.V. show "Stargate SG-1" gets into the scenario of "what if" we discovery new technology that could be of benefit to the world, but is really taken away and hidden?  The future could be very interesting.  The shortest path of least resistance is a universal philosophy of the ordering and action of energy ultimately unified as universal consciousness; a universal truth of life, basically. 

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                                                                                                           UPDATED:  (2/5/2017)
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I wanted to explain this very basic phenomenon in some detail.  I should start a new section on general electromagneto-dynamics, but ..  I might just save it for the book ..  In any case, this is what goes on.

Special thanks to "Adam" for this opportunity to explain this ..




Take a coil that you can push a round cylinder magnet thru. The round magnet has polarity on its ends. Its a cylinder shape.  A coil without so many windings won't resist so much and you can push the magnet thru easily.  Lots of windings offer more resistance when the coil is connected in a circuit, and it's harder to push the magnet thru as it is offering more resistance due to the induced magnetic field in the coil.  That is what resistance is. The induced magnetic field in the coil from pushing the magnet through it, is induced in the SAME polarity as the magnet. The reason for this, is that once you start pushing the magnet through the coil, electricity (magnetic current) flows through the entire length of wire, formed into an unbroken circuit; and since electricity flows through the coil of wire, it creates a magnetic field of it's own.  So the north end of the magnet has to push against the north induced magnet in the coil, up ahead of the magnet being pushed through. It thus requires force to push the magnet through the coil.  If the coil wasn't connected in a circuit, no electricity would flow, and no induced electromagnet would offer any resistance. 

But if the magnet isn't moving, or lets say you have an iron core, then the coil induces the core in the same polarity when you turn on the electromagnet.

You also magnetize the core in the process.  If you turn the field off, the opposite polarity of collapse attracts to the iron magnet with no resistance.

If you reverse the polarity of the coil instantly, it compresses the field and collapses the prior field, sparks, and remagnetizes the core in the new polarity. Again, the reversal is attractive. Your not in opposition unless you push north to north (or south to south).  If you push yer rod magnet thru the coil, you induce the same polarity in the coil so it pushes like pole against like pole.

Pushing opposing poles together is not resistive but attractive.

Any resistance is only magnetic resistance of similar poles because they push against each other.  Stick two magnets together north pole to north pole. It takes a lot of force. Push the north pole to south pole instead and it takes no force, it is negative force!  It helps you along so that instead of applying force to push them together, it jerks it out of your hand.

Positive force pushes an object to move. Zero force is rest. Negative force means you have to pull the object back to hold it to maintain it at rest.




An eddy current is spin not opposition. An eddy current is induced motion. It is byproduct of force. The only thing that is resistive is the inertia of motion itself requiring more force to speed up the eddy or less force to slow it down.

Eddy currents also act as gears to maintain the current in motion and is nothing more than the circulation field of motion itself.  The eddy current is harnessed to make a rotor move in a motor, for example.   Magnetic spin and circulation is the nature of the wave in polarity.



The rod magnet pushing thru a coil is hard to push (resistance) because it induces the SAME polarity in the coil. If it induced the opposite polarity, there would be negative resistance, moving faster than the applied force. There wouldn't be resistance.

If you push the north end of a rod magnet thru a coil and it induces the opposite polarity, then it would be easy because you'd be inducing a south pole in front of the north pole of the magnet which means it would pull itself along without you pushing.



A coil wound around an iron core. Magnetize and hold. Coil north pole is now the iron rod's north pole. Release and collapse the field. Now coil field is in opposite polarity, and opposite poles attract. That speed force creates a high volt flyback because it moves at higher frequency therefore higher volts. Harness in a spark gap.




​Without an iron core...

The electromagnetic coil is charged then released. The magnetic field holds itself in resonance as it collapses not in opposition to itself but attractively to itself, BECAUSE the polarity is reversed.  

But the collapse collapsing thru its own magnetic field raises its volts thru magnetic resonance. But the collapse occurs at light speed - the speed of electromagnetic propagating waves, and the speed of electromagnetic collapse. It is the magnetic field that collapses. The moving magnetic field induces current to flow. But since the circuit is broken to collapse the magnetic field, there is no resistance possible because there is no circuit that resists itself. 

The buildup of volts however is still being induced in the coil of wire, but instead of current flowing thru all the windings (from the start of the wire through the entire length of the wire to the finish) to form a magnet, the magnet induces current thru the entire length of those coil windings all at once. 

That pushes high volts, determined by the windings out the poles of the magnet at right angles to the direction of the magnetic collapse.  That is a force of magnetic collapse and release but a force of electric volt build-up, but it does not resist its own movement until the circuit is connected again.

The spark discharge reconnects the circuit. But by then, your original current in the wires is way distorted and is only connected in a circuit by the magnetic field itself, no longer coursing thru the entire length of the windings. It is no longer acting in transverse at that point, flowing in circles for magnetic poles to form out the ends, but in PARALLEL, shorting right thru the wire insulation but without burning the insulation. It's cold and does not burn out the wires.

That entire action is not only superconductive, but becomes a parallel energy (magneto-electrostatic), with negative resistance - negative energy.




If you use a coil wound around another coil (primary and secondary coils), it's easier.

A coil is wound, and another secondary coil wound over the top.  The first coil is energized, but the secondary coil goes to a spark gap.  When the first coil collapses (circuit is broken), the rapid magnetic collapse induces all the wires in the secondary winding at once. In that squeezing effect of rapid magnetic motion, the voltage produce compounds upon itself per the number of windings in the secondary coil, conducting a high voltage that can be harnessed in a spark gap.

Again, the action is superconductive, meaning it does not resist its own motion.  As the magnetic field collapses in the primary coil, the secondary coil does not hold back the collapse; and since the primary coil circuit is broken to initiate collapse, there is no resistance to its own collapse.  That's why the high volt spark exists to begin with, because there is no resistance; the magnet is free to collapse at the speed of its own wave-propagation, conventionally called the "speed of light;" however, electrostatic waves in parallel travel a little faster.


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Electromagnetic wave propagation:  186,000 miles per second  (transverse wave; electric and magnetic aspects at right angles)

​Electrostatic wave propagation:  220,000 miles per second    (parallel wave; longitudinal)
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General note:  I think it's almost time for a total re-write of all this.  I haven't looked at the Tesla Engineering Physics page in a long time, and wanted to put right up at the top that the spark is a requirement for magneto-electrostatic energy; and negative energy is equivalent to magneto-electrostatic energy.  However there is an exception to the rule.  The collapse of the electromagnetic field initiates the spark, but also initiates a voltage spike. It is the collapse of the field which is the foundation of Tesla energy; however the presence of a spark gap in the system does indeed change the nature of the entire energy throughout the entire system. The only exception to the rule is when a static charge is built up due to a magnetic collapse which changes the nature of the energy in a system.  ...  Also remember:  The unity of light is magneto-electrostatic unity energy; and light is the unity of all matter.

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Also note:   There is a difference between a resonance coil, which is a single layer of coil windings, and an electromagnet, which are multiple layers of windings on top of each other.  The coil windings of the Tesla Generator on the Tesla/Free Energy page are electromagnet windings, NOT resonance coil windings.  Induction coils and spark collapses are generated by electromagnet coil windings, but resonated through resonance coil windings.

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As far as a resonance coil goes:

The resonance coil collapses in the opposite polarity of the applied charge. An impulse wave is sent to one end of the coil like a rail gun. A spark gap at both ends will only spark at one end, which is one of the concepts of the Tesla tower. It's a static charge in nature because it conducts to air -- a bare-metal plate will conduct a static charge to air; BUT, the direction of the magnetic field collapse will conduct that magneto-static charge in a vacuum.


Additionally:  resonance coils work together to amplify energy as explained on the Tesla Engineering Physics page.  New developments from a private group have successfully amplified energy from the wall socket (standard AC) to about 800% more output than input, stable.  The concept is easy enough.  Power runs to a resonance coil, then to capacitors, which amplify the magnetic field and raise the frequency throughout the circuit.  A secondary coil then resonates with the primary at the same frequency (for resonance to take place), as the amplified energy from the capacitors are run back through the circuit.  The secondary coil picks up the excess energy from the primary coil, and feeds it back through the primary coil.  The capacitors however play a major role.  The amplified output is stepped back down to usable frequency, and the output amps are much greater than the input amps, while the volts are not compromised, meaning amplification of both amps and volts.



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See the Construction Blog page, the post titled "Negative Energy Construction Notes" and the comments on that article for corrections and additional clarity.


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